Their name, "Baluch," is shrouded in controversy. Some say it means "nomad," while others claim that it is an old Persian word meaning "the cock's crest." Their history is just as mysterious. Some have traced their origins to Nimrod, son of Cush (Noah's grandson). But while some things are uncertain, we do know that they first moved to the region in the twelfth century. During the Moghul period, this territory became known as "Baluchistan."

What are their lives like?
According to historians, this high and arid region was once a thickly populated area watered by many perennial rivers. Today, it is a desolate, infertile area of rocky mountains, dry river valleys, and semi-desert plains. Rainfall is low, unreliable, and the hills have few trees. However, when rain comes or the snow melts, the dry river beds become raging torrents and the brown, arid landscape turns green once again.

The Baluch traditionally earn their living by a combination of farming and semi-nomadic shepherding. They usually raise sheep, cattle, or goats. Agriculture is limited because of the harsh climate; nevertheless, it plays a large role in the economy. The chief crop is wheat. To aid in the household economy, some farmers raise chickens. They also depend on wild fruits and vegetables. One wild plant, called the "dwarf palm," is used as a dietary supplement. The meat of the palm is eaten, and the leaves are used to make ropes, shoes, mats, and tents. Though their survival techniques may vary, each community tries to keep a wide variety of animals and grow many different crops. If the local economy does not provide adequate job opportunities, the young men often move to the cities in search of work.

Village settlements are clusters of mud houses, loosely organized around the home of the local chief. They live in these permanent mountain and valley settlements in the summertime. However, in winter, they migrate to the plains and coastal areas, seeking green grass for their livestock. During this time, they live in tents, and move freely across the landscape as weather conditions dictate. These temporary settlements are smaller, consisting of closely related kin.

Within the family, the entire household is responsible for tending the family's herd. Women work in groups, threshing and separating the harvest; while plowing and planting are done by the men. Traditionally, land is not privately owned but belongs to the whole tribe.

What are their beliefs?
The Baluch are Sunni Muslims. Their religious practices remain private, and there is no concept of a "state religion." All forms of secular authority are separated from the spiritual authority held by religious leaders.

What are their needs?
The Baluch have been isolated for many years due to Pakistan's harsh climate, the difficulty of communicating in mountainous terrain, and their reputation as bandits. Since the governments of Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan all have a share in Baluchistan's welfare, they have begun building roads and developing agriculture programs. However, the Baluch have remained largely unaffected by these developmental changes.

Very little missions work is taking place among the Southern Baluch. The Jesus Film is available; however, the Bible has not yet been translated into their language. There are only five known believers among them.

Since illiteracy among the Baluch is very high, Christian workers might find open doors into Pakistan as teachers.

Prayer Points

• Ask the Lord to call people who are willing to go to Pakistan and share Christ with the Baluch.
• Pray that Christian radio and television broadcasts will soon be made available in their language.
• Ask God to strengthen, encourage, and protect the missionaries that are trying to reach the Baluchs for Christ.
• Pray that God will raise up qualified linguists to translate the Bible into the Makrani language.
• Ask the Holy Spirit to soften the hearts of the Southern Baluch towards Christians so that they will be receptive to the Gospel.
• Pray that God will open the hearts of Pakistan's governmental leaders to the Gospel.
• Ask the Lord to raise up a strong local church among the Southern Baluch.

See also the following Baluch groups. Iran. The Western Baluch of Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Afganistan, and Iran; and the Eastern Baluch of Pakistan.

THE PEOPLE

• People name: Southern Baluch
• Country: Pakistan
• Their language: Makrani
• Population: (1990) 1,851,900
  (1995) 2,133,800
  (2000) 2,457,800
• Largest religion: Muslims (Hanafites) 68%
  Muslims 32%
• Christians: None
• Church members: None
• Scriptures in their own language: None
• Jesus Film in their own language: Available
• Christian broadcasts in their own language: None
• Mission agencies working among this people: 5
• Persons who have heard the Gospel: 362,800 (17%) Those evangelized by local Christians: 0
  Those evangelized from the outside: 362,800 (17%)
• Persons who have never heard the Gospel: 1,771,000 (83%)

• Country: Pakistan
• Population: (1990) 121,933,300
  (1995) 140,496,700
  (2000) 161,827,400
• Major peoples in size order: Western Punjabi 42.5%
  Sindhi 11.6%
  Southern Punjabi 9.8%
  Eastern Pathan 7.9%
  Urdu 7.4%
• Major religions: Muslims 96.7%
  Christians 1.8%
  Hindus 1.5%
• Number of denominations: 37