The Constitution of India, Article 366 (25) defines Scheduled Tribes as "such tribes or tribal communities or part of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to the scheduled Tribes (STs) for the purposes of this Constitution". In Article 342, the procedure to be followed for specification of a scheduled tribe is prescribed. The criterion for the specification of any community as scheduled tribe is based on attributes such as:

• Geographical isolation - they live in cloistered, exclusive, remote and inhospitable areas such as hills and forests.

• Backwardness - their livelihood is based on primitive agriculture, a low-value closed economy with a low level of technology that leads to their poverty. They have low levels of       literacy and health.

• Distinctive culture, language and religion - communities have developed their own distinctive culture, language and religion.

                                       • Shyness of contact – they have a marginal degree of contact with other cultures and people.

In the states of Himachal and Jammu & Kashmir they are still listed as Scheduled Tribes. Tradition says that Gaddi ancestors originally came from Lahore (Pakistan), and fled to mountainous states of Himachal and Jammu & Kashmir during Muslim invasions in the plains for refuge.

The word Gaddi refers to a territorial group, or a special class of people who wear distinctive clothes. It also refers to the union of the castes of Rajputs, Khatris, Ranas, and Thakurs. In general, the Gaddi are a people of rugged character. They travel and bear endless hardships in the pursuit of their profession—shepherding. They are known as honest, hospitable, and mystic people.

The Gaddi are self-sufficient shepherds whose lives revolve around caring for their herds and camping at grazing grounds. They move from high pastures to low pastures during the year, leaving for the low hills and plains in October and returning to their fields in April.

The Gaddi population outside Himachal still depends heavily on shepherding. However, they are also becoming much more involved in farming. The recent trend towards settling in more hospitable climates has brought agriculture to the forefront of their economy, and shepherding is beginning to take a secondary position. The variety of crops (maize, wheat, and barley) together with the practice of allowing the plots to remain fallow, rotating the crops, and mixing the crops all enhance the reliability of their food supply.

The traditional dress of the Gaddi, worn only on special occasions, is quite striking. The men wear headdresses adorned with dried flowers or beads and wool coats tied around their waists with black rope. The dress is called Chola and Dora. Men also wear a turban (Safa). The women wear straight dresses tied around their waists with woolen cords. The dress of women is called Luanchiri which is similar to flared Scottish kilt. Their heads are covered, but their legs and feet remain bare, accented with heavy brass anklets.

Gaddi villages are usually located on steep slopes. Each household consists of a nuclear family. The homes inside the villages are built very close together, with little room for expansion. Houses are generally two or three stories, with balconies and paved courtyards. The ground floor is used for keeping cattle (called Goud); while the second story is used for living, sleeping, and cooking. All of the family members sleep in the same room. When a guest reaches the home of a Gaddi, he washes his feet. All guests are believed to be sacred, so their blessings are valued.

The Gaddi, like other Indians, are divided into social classes based on the Hindu "caste" system. The Gaddi castes are divided into two basic classes: clean and unclean. The Gaddi are monogamous (one husband, one wife), and have a successful community life based on mutual aid. The family is the only social institution other than religion. All marriages are arranged by the parents. The young couples have no choice in their parents' decisions.

What are their beliefs?
Virtually all of the Gaddi are Hindu. Their main deity is Shiva, the Hindu God of destruction. They also worship millions of other gods, satisfying them by sacrificing sheep and goats.

The Gaddi follow Hindu traditions, although many of their own animistic traditions (belief that non-human objects have spirits) are still practiced. Animal sacrifice is a common feature of their rituals.

What are their needs?
The Gaddi have no scriptures in their language at this time. The old people once used the Tankri script which has become almost extinct in modern times. Now-a-days, the Hindi (Devanagari) script is used to write. With only one missions agency currently working among them, the Gaddi remain less than 1% Christian. They need to know that Jesus has already served as the supreme sacrifice for their sins.

Prayer Points

• Ask the Lord to call people who are willing to go to India and share Christ with the Gaddi.
• Pray that God will grant favor to the missions agency that is targeting the Gaddi.
• Ask God to use the few Gaddi believers to share the Gospel with their friends and families.
• Pray that God will raise up qualified linguists to translate the Word of God into the Gaddi language.
• Ask the Holy Spirit to soften the hearts of the Gaddi towards Christians so that they will be receptive to the Gospel.
• Take authority over the spiritual principalities and powers that are keeping the Gaddi bound.
• Pray that God will open the hearts of India's governmental and religious leaders to the Gospel.
• Ask the Lord to raise up strong local churches among the Gaddi.

THE PEOPLE

• People name: Gaddi
• Country: India
• Their language: Gaddi
• Population: (1990) 105,100
  (1995) 115,700
  (2000) 126,300
• Largest religion: Hindu 99.9%
• Christians: <1%
• Church members: 35
• Scriptures in their own language: None
• Jesus Film in their own language: None
• Christian broadcasts in their own language: None
• Mission agencies working among this people: 1
• Persons who have heard the Gospel: 9,300 (8%) Those evangelized by local Christians: 3,500 (3%)
  Those evangelized from the outside: 5,800 (5%)
• Persons who have never heard the Gospel: 106,400 (92%)

• Country: India
• Population: (1990) 850,638,100
  (1995) 935,744,300
  (2000) 1,022,021,300
• Major peoples in size order: Hindi (High Hindi) 9.5%
  Telegu 7.8%
  Maratha 7.4%
  Bengali 6.4%
  Hindi (Bazaar, Popular) 5.5%
• Major religions: Hindus 78.2%
  Muslims 12%
  Christians 4.3%
• Number of denominations: 163