The Arab culture was developed by tribes of nomads and villagers who lived in the Arabian Desert. From there, Arab migrations spread throughout the Middle East and northern Africa, leading to the expansion of the Arab world.

More than half the area of Saudi Arabia is desert. Fertile oases, many of which are the sites of towns and villages, are scattered through the Saudi Arabian deserts north of Rub' al Khali. Larger tracts of grassland can be found in Ad Dhana' and the plateau region. The great Saudi Arabian oil fields are located in the coastal area adjoining the Persian Gulf.

What are their lives like?
Historically, agriculture and raising livestock have been the basic economic activities of Saudi Arabia. Since the development of the oil industry, however, the government has sought to diversify its industrial base and improve its basic economic structure. As a result, roads, airports, seaports, and the power industry have all been developed. Through a sharp increase in oil prices beginning in 1973, Saudi Arabia began to amass a tremendous cash reserve. The government used its new-found wealth to transform its economy at a rate almost without precedent in modern history. Although there was a lack of trained and skilled labor, this was partially offset by millions of guest workers.

Today, the government is the largest employer in Saudi Arabia, engaging about 34% of the work force. Industry employs 28%, including 5% in the oil industry. Another 22% is involved in trade and other services, and 16%, in agriculture or fishing.

Education in Saudi Arabia is free, but not compulsory. About 62% of Saudi adults are literate, a dramatic increase from the less than 3% literacy rate in the early 1960's. In recent decades, teacher-training institutes have been established with the aim of reducing the country's great dependence on other Arab countries for teachers.

Because Saudi Arabia has long imported food, agriculture has been targeted as a key area of development. Since the late 1980's, a large wheat surplus has been exported, and the country has achieved self-sufficiency in many dairy and poultry products. The lack of water has made less than 1% of the land useful for farming. Irrigated lands located near oases have been virtually the only sites of cultivation.

In accordance with their Muslim religion, Gulf Arab marriages are typically endogamous, which means that they marry only within a small social circle. Inheritance is patrilineal (passed down from fathers to their sons). Gulf Arab clothing is designed for the harsh desert climate. It is made of lightweight, light-colored fabric and is also loose-fitting, allowing for the circulation of air.

What are their beliefs?
The Hijazi Arab are practically all Muslim, but represent a variety of Islamic sects. The founding of Islam in the seventh century profoundly altered the course of Saudi history. In the mid-1700's, Mohammed ibn Abd al-Wahhab formed his fundamentalist sect, and today, the Saudi see themselves as the preservers of the true Islamic faith. The city of Mecca on the Red Sea coast is the holy place of pilgrimage that all Muslims must try to visit at least once in their lifetime.

What are their needs?
At the present time, less than 1% of the Hijazi Arab in Saudi Arabia have accepted Jesus as their Savior. A profession of faith in Jesus may cost a person his family, his honor, his job, or even his life. Evangelization of this group will be challenging, due to the nature of the Arabs' lifestyle and belief system. Prayer is the key to reaching them with the message of the Cross.

Prayer Points

• Ask the Lord to open the doors of Saudi Arabia to the preaching of the Gospel.
• Ask the Holy Spirit to give creative strategies for evangelism to the missions agencies that are targeting the Hijazi Arab.
• Pray for many opportunities to show the Jesus film among the Hijazi Arab.
• Ask God to open the spiritual ears of the Hijazi Arab as they listen to Christian broadcasts in their language.
• Pray that God will provide avenues for the distribution of Bibles to the Hijazi Arab.
• Pray that God will give the Hijazi Arab believers courage to share Christ with their own people.
• Ask God to raise up prayer teams who will begin breaking up the soil through worship and intercession.
• Pray that strong local churches will be raised up among the Hijazi Arab.

THE PEOPLE

• People name: Hijazi Arab
• Country: Saudi Arabia
• Their language: Arabiya
• Population: (1990) 12,441,100
  (1995) 13,861,300
  (2000) 16,479,900
• Largest religion: Muslim (Shafiite) 50%
  Muslim (Hanbalite) 40%
  Muslim (Malikite) 8.9%
• Christian: <1%
• Church members: 12,475
• Scriptures in their own language: Bible
• Jesus Film in their own language: Available
• Christian broadcasts in their own language: Available
• Mission agencies working among this people: 4
• Persons who have heard the Gospel: 6,111,500 (44%) Those evangelized by local Christians: 566,900 (4%)
  Those evangelized from the outside: 5,544,600 (40%)
• Persons who have never heard the Gospel: 7,749,800 (56%)

• Country: Saudi Arabia
• Population: (1990) 16,047,600
  (1995) 17,879,600
  (2000) 21,257,200
• Major peoples in size order: Saudi Arab 77.5%
  Bedouin Arab 3.9%
  Gulf Arab 3%
  Punjabi 2.4%
• Major religions: Muslim 93.1%
  Christian 4.2%
  Nonreligious 1.4%
• Number of denominations: 9